Farewell My Concubine (1993) [Film Review]

Farewell My Concubine; or, The Hegemon-King Bids Farewell to His Concubine
     I am by nature a boy… not a girl.
Today’s review is something really special, dear readers. I have heard about this movie for so many years. Even before the internet era, in special film guidebooks, this particular motion picture was frequently mentioned alongside Akira Kurosawa’s Seven Samurai as one of the all-time best Asian productions. It comes as no surprise that to date this is the only Chinese production movie that won the Palme d'Or at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival. In addition, it was also listed as one of the 100 Best Films in Global History by Time magazine. Let’s take a closer look at Chen Kaige’s Farewell My Concubine.

Release Info

Directed by: Chen Kaige Starring: Leslie Cheung, Zhang Fengyi, Gong Li

Language: Mandarin Original Title: 霸王别姬 Runtime: 171 min (unaltered version)

Synopsis
It is the year 1924, China after the fall of the Qing Dynasty. Dou Zi and Shi Tou are brought up together in an acting troupe under the strict regime of an opera master. Thirteen years later, the two friends become big stars, assume new names: Cheng Dieyi (Leslie Cheung) and Duan Xiaolou (Zhang Fengyi); and they act out together on stage the famous play known as “Farewell My Concubine”. World War II comes and goes, the Republic of China falls, yet in spite of hardships, Dieyi and Xiaolou continue their acting profession. A major blow comes for Dieyi when Xiaolou decides to marry a woman from the House of Blossoms known as Juxian (Gong Li).

Sentimental Haze
I was surprised to learn that Farewell My Concubine is actually based on a novel of the same name written by a Hong Kong novelist Lilian Lee. The book was pitched to director Chen Kaige who felt that the story lacked the emotional impact, so he recruited the services of Lu Wei, a screenwriter who later went on to pen Yimou Zhang’s To Live (1994).

Interestingly, the release of the film was quite a turmoil in itself. After the official Hong Kong premiere, the movie opened in Shanghai but was quickly removed from theatres. Only after heavy censoring, it was re-released mainly because it became a massive success at the Cannes Festival. As a result, there are many different cuts of the film out there. The full, unaltered edition runs at 171 minutes. The version I saw from local TV is 7 minutes shorter. Perhaps that is why I felt as sort of discontinuity between a couple of sequences.

The movie itself is a stunning, visual spectacle. It is one of these rare motion pictures which you can’t help but watch just for the breathtaking cinematography. Farewell My Concubine is undeniably a journey into the heart of Chinese art and culture. As for the story, it is deeply harrowing and tragic, yet incredibly romantic at the same time. This is a movie about faithfulness and forgiveness revolving around two friends and a woman who came between them. Yet, that is not all. The protagonists have to grapple with the consequences of great historical changes that influence them. Dieyi has to rescue Xiaolou from the hands of Japanese soldiers, Xiaolou has to rescue Dieyi from being persecuted by the Kuomintang. The most unsettling section is the third act of the film which depicts the horrors set in motion by the Cultural Revolution.

Many scholars focus in their analyses on the theme of homoerotics between Dieyi and Xiaolou. In my opinion, Farewell My Concubine presents this aspect in a very subtle manner (opting to show NSFW practices between patrons and actors they adore), so it is hard for me to call this film a representative instance of queer cinema. Dieyi is clearly in love with Xiaolou; that is why he opposes his relationship with Juxian, but there is a whole another layer of context between these characters in the form of an opera play itself. Dieyi acts out the part of a concubine who is loyal to her king (portrayed by Xiaolou). This blurring of boundaries between fiction and reality is what makes Farewell My Concubine an utterly enthralling and mesmerising movie.

With regard to performances, I absolutely love the late Leslie Cheung. He stole my heart with this film. I read online that supposedly Jackie Chan and John Lone were considered for the leading part, but I think none of them could channel this idiosyncratic sensibility as much as Leslie did. Zhang Fengyi is a wonderful onscreen partner of Leslie, and this really transpires in many scenes. The most heartbreaking one, in my opinion, was the moment when Xiaolou and Dieyi were forced to put on their make-ups for the shaming session. As for Gong Li, fresh after the success of Raise the Red Lantern (1991), she is drop dead gorgeous in this film. I really felt sorry for the plight of her character.

Recommendations
Farewell My Concubine is an obligatory must-watch from the time when Chinese Cinema was not beating around the bush and really faced the country’s controversial past head on. The performances of the main leads are just brilliant, cinematography unforgettable, and the story heartbreaking. This movie is a one-of-a-kind visual experience.Overall score: 9/10

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